With diverse genetic backgrounds, soybean landraces are valuable resource for breeding programs. Herein, we apply multi-omic approaches to extensively characterize the molecular basis of drought tolerance in the soybean landrace LX. Initial screens established that LX performed better with PEG6000 treatment than control cultivars. LX germinated better than William 82 under drought conditions and accumulated more anthocyanin and flavonoids. Untargeted mass spectrometry in combination with transcriptomic analyses revealed the chemical diversity and genetic basis underlying the overall performance of LX landrace. Under control and drought conditions, significant differences in the expression of a suite of secondary metabolism genes, particularly those involved in the general phenylpropanoid pathway and flavonoid but not lignin biosynthesis, were seen in LX and William 82. The expression of these genes correlated with the corresponding metabolites in LX plants. Further correlation analysis between metabolites and transcripts identified pathway structural genes and transcription factors likely are responsible for the LX agronomic traits. The activities of some key biosynthetic genes or regulators were confirmed through heterologous expression in transgenic Arabidopsis and hairy root transformation in soybean. We propose a regulatory mechanism based on flavonoid secondary metabolism and adaptive traits of this landrace which could be of relevance to cultivated soybean.Migratory ungulates are thought to be declining globally because their dependence on large landscapes renders them highly vulnerable to environmental change. Yet recent studies reveal that many ungulate species can adjust their migration propensity in response to changing environmental conditions to potentially improve population persistence. In addition to the question of whether to migrate, decisions of where and when to migrate appear equally fundamental to individual migration tactics, but these three dimensions of plasticity have rarely been explored together. Here, we expand the concept of migratory plasticity beyond individual switches in migration propensity to also include spatial and temporal adjustments to migration patterns. We develop a novel typological framework that delineates every potential change type within the three dimensions, then use this framework to guide a literature review. We discuss broad patterns in migratory plasticity, potential drivers of migration change, and research gaps ital gradients. Closer monitoring for changes in migratory propensity, routes, and timing may improve the efficacy of conservation strategies and management actions in a rapidly changing world.A new series of triazolophthalazine derivatives was designed and synthesized as topoisomerase II (Topo II) inhibitors and DNA intercalators. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines HepG2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cells. Compound IXb was the most potent counterpart with IC50 values of 5.39?±?0.4, 3.81?±?0.2, and 4.38?±?0.3??M, as it was about 1.47, 1.77, and 1.19 times more active than doxorubicin (IC50 ?=?7.94?±?0.6, 6.75?±?0.4, and 5.23?±?0.3??M) against HepG2, MCF-7, and HCT-116 cells, respectively. Additionally, the binding affinity of the synthesized compounds toward the DNA molecule was assessed using the DNA/methyl green assay. Compound IXb showed an excellent DNA binding affinity with an IC50 value of 27.16?±?1.2??M, which was better than that of the reference drug doxorubicin (IC50 ?=?31.02?±?1.80??M). Moreover, compound IXb was the most potent member among the tested compounds when investigated for their Topo II inhibitory activity. Furthermore, compound IXb induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Additionally, compound IXb showed Topo II poisoning effects at 2.5?μM and Topo II catalytic inhibitory effects at 5 and 10?μM. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/yum70.html Finally, molecular docking studies were carried out against the DNA-Topo II complex and DNA, to investigate the binding patterns of the designed compounds.Light at night (LAN) inhibits nighttime secretion of melatonin and may cause circadian disruption, which may be a risk factor for cancer. Recent studies have linked high LAN exposure with elevated breast cancer risk. Given that breast cancer may share a common hormone-dependent etiology with thyroid cancer and that circadian rhythms play a role in regulating thyroid function, the authors hypothesized that exposure to LAN is positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence.
This study examined the association between LAN and thyroid cancer incidence in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. LAN exposure was estimated from satellite data and was linked to residential addresses at the baseline. Incident thyroid cancer cases were ascertained via linkage to state cancer registries. Cox regression was used to determine the relationship between LAN and thyroid cancer risk, with adjustments made for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and other environmental factors.
Among 464,371 participants, a positive association was found between LAN and thyroid cancer risk. Specifically, in comparison with the lowest quintile of LAN, the highest quintile was associated with a 55% increase in risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-2.02). The association was primarily driven by papillary thyroid cancer and was stronger in women (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.26-2.60) than men (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.86-1.94). In women, the association was stronger for localized cancer, whereas in men, the association was stronger for a more advanced stage. Results were consistent across different tumor sizes.
LAN was positively associated with thyroid cancer risk. Future studies are needed to confirm this association and identify underlying biological mechanisms.
LAN was positively associated with thyroid cancer risk. Future studies are needed to confirm this association and identify underlying biological mechanisms.